Circuit board riser

ABSTRACT

A riser card, such as a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) card, attaches to a circuit board such as a mother board in a transverse orientation and has a first connector and a second connector attached to opposing sides of the card for receiving expansion cards. In one embodiment, the first connector is offset from the second connector with respect to an axis in the plane of the riser card. In another embodiment, the first and second connectors each have a first and last pin, and the first pin of the first card is opposite the first pin of the second connector. The riser card may mount one expansion board right side up, and the second board upside down. The first and second connectors can be female connectors which are each matable with a male connector on the corresponding expansion board, or can be card edge connectors. The expansion boards, when mated with the connectors, are substantially parallel to, but offset from the circuit board. Advantageously, the expansion boards consume less space in the housing by sharing a single riser card, and overall bus length may be substantially reduced between components in addition to providing additional, more open, or better channel space for cooling air flow. A preferred embodiment mounts centrally on a mother board, and provides two side channels for air flow cooling through the chassis of a rack-mounted web server data processor device.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 09/899,522, entitled“Circuit Board Riser,” filed on Jul. 5, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No.6,533,587, which claims priority to earlier filed U.S. provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 60/215,995, filed Jul. 5, 2000, both ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

This application is related to the following co-pending, commonlyassigned applications, the teachings of all of which are incorporatedherein by reference: U.S. Ser. No. 60/215,952, filed Jul. 5, 2000,entitled “Server Architecture and Methods for Digital Data Processing,”U.S. Ser. No. 60/215,975, filed Jul. 5, 2000, entitled “Low Profile,High Density Storage Array,” U.S. Ser. No. 60/215,997, filed Jul. 5,2000, entitled “Ventilating Slide Rail Mount,” U.S. Ser. No. 60/215,996,filed Jul. 5, 2000, entitled “Power Supply for Low Profile EquipmentHousing,” U.S. Ser. No. 60/216,055, filed July 5, 2000, entitled “LowProfile Equipment Housing with Angular Fan,” U.S. Ser. No. 60/244,354,filed Oct. 30, 2000, entitled “Ventilating Slide Rail Mount,” and U.S.Ser. No. 60/244,361, filed Oct. 30, 2000, entitled “Low Profile, HighDensity Storage Array.”

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to system boards for a computer, and inparticular, to riser cards that connect to the system board and acceptadapters that are plugged into the riser card instead of the systemboard.

Heating is a constant and significant issue to be addressed in digitaldata processors. The failure rates of many electronic componentsincrease as operating temperatures rise. This is particularly true ofcentral processing units which, themselves, often generate significantheat. The problem is compounded by the use of more densely packedcircuit boards, more compact, lower profile housings, more denselypacked components within a chassis, and faster processing chips orhigher speed processor devices.

Most often, processors and associated components are cooled by airflow.Fans are typically used to push or pull air from one side of a chassis,across the components, and out the other side of the chassis. Thus, forexample, a typical digital data processor includes chassis intake and/orexhaust fans, often with a fan on the central processing unit itself.While the steps of simply providing intake and exhaust fans on a chassisor housing wall, and of providing one or more device fans on criticalcomponents, have proven adequate to date, obtaining sufficientcirculation for adequate heat dissipation requires careful design, andthe limits of achievable cooling are taxed as even more powerfulprocessors, and/or more compact or constricted systems are built.

The expansion capabilities of a typical digital data processing unitgive rise to additional air flow problems. For example, peripheralcomponent interconnect (PCI) cards, which connect directly into adigital data processor circuit board, or motherboard, allow additionalcomponents, e.g. expansion boards, to be installed within the unit.These additional components occupy regions that would otherwise be opento circulation, and create a more densely packed arrangement ofcomponents, which further prevents the flow of air. Often, because ofpath length restrictions, the additional expansion boards must bepositioned at specific locations, which are not necessarily conducive toproper circulation.

One area of particular concern arises for web servers and forspecialized digital data processing apparatus, such as storage arraysused in web servers, wherein tens or hundreds of closely packedsubstantially identical cards or devices such as CD ROM units may bemounted in small or constricted spaces, e.g., in a chassis mounted in arack or cabinet. By way of example, a single closed box-like chassis mayhave ten or more CD ROM devices with their associated control cards andone or more power supplies, and each chassis may mount like a slide indrawer into a rack holding ten or more such chassis stacked in a column.These chassis have a standard width (e.g. 19 inches) and a standardizedheight (1U, 2U or 3U), with the thinnest of such units having a heightbarely 2 inches tall. Such assemblies present extreme challenges forefficient layout of internal busses and components, and for providingadequate cooling in the restricted space allotted to each multi-devicechassis in the array.

Accordingly, there is a need to provide for more powerful, and/or morecompact systems with air ventilation paths.

One object of the present invention is to provide an improved digitaldata processor apparatus and method.

A more particular object is to provide such apparatus and methods as areparticularly adapted to web servers and other data processing apparatusthat are compact of design and/or not prone to overheating.

A still further object is to provide such apparatus and methods as canbe implemented at low cost.

A still further object of the invention is to provide such apparatus andmethods as can be adapted to pre-existing equipment, as well as designedfor use in new equipment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One or more of the foregoing objects are achieved in accordance with thepresent invention which provides, in one aspect, a PCI riser card thatconnects to a circuit board and has a first and a second connectorattached to opposing sides of the card for each connecting,respectively, to a first and a second expansion board.

In one embodiment, the first connector is inverted with respect to thesecond connector. The first and second connectors can be femaleconnectors that are each matable with a corresponding male connectormounted, for example, on an expansion board. Alternatively, theconnectors may be male pin connectors, or may be of two opposite types.Preferably, however, both connectors are of the same type and areconfigured for connecting two identical expansion boards. The firstconnector can be offset from the second connector. The expansion boards,when mated with their corresponding connectors, are substantiallyparallel to the circuit board. The first expansion board can be inverted(i.e., upside down) with respect to the second expansion board.

The riser card of the present invention is advantageous in that themounting of two expansion boards consumes less space than in the priorart since only one riser card is required per two expansion boards. Thisprovides additional space for air flow to travel.

In another aspect of the present invention, a module such as a circuitboard is disposed in a chassis, and an expansion slot is mounted on thecircuit board and adapted for receiving a riser card. The riser cardmounts in the expansion slot, and has a first connector and a secondconnector attached to opposing sides of the card that receive respectiveexpansion boards, which extend in opposite directions from the risercard and parallel to the circuit board. The expansion slot may bedisposed centrally on the circuit board to define shortened bus paths tothe two expansion boards. The mounting geometry also defines two airflow channels along two sides of the board.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be more fully understood from the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 shows a prior art riser card disposed on a circuit board.

FIG. 2 shows a riser card in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 3 shows a riser card in accordance with the present inventiondisposed on a circuit board and having expansion boards attachedthereto.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be better understood in the context of theprior art, of which FIG. 1 shows a representative device. As showntherein, a motherboard or other circuit board 20 is adapted to receivean expansion board 14 by means of a riser card 12 that connects to aconnector or socket 10 mounted on the board 20, so that the riser card12 extends perpendicularly upward from the surface of the motherboard.The riser card 12 in turn carries a connector or socket 13 mounted onits surface into which the expansion board 14 fits. Typically theconnector 13 is electrically connected to the riser card 10 by aplurality of pins 13 a (visible on the right side of FIG. 1) which aresolder-connected to corresponding vias (not shown) on the riser card 12that extend down into corresponding connections in the mountingconnector 10. Thus, in this prior art construction the vias of risercard 12 serve as electrical connection between the pin connections ofthe board-receiving socket 13 and the pin connections of the motherboardsocket 10, allowing the expansion boards 14 to be each oriented in aplane parallel to the motherboard, i.e., horizontally in the Figure asshown. Thus, rather than mounting the expansion board perpendicularly ascommonly done in digital processing devices having relatively largechassis that may accommodate a voluminous arrangement of components, theprior art riser card 12 mounts perpendicularly on a motherboard 20 toposition an expansion board parallel to, but slightly above themotherboard.

As shown, with this configuration, each board has a proximal end 14 athat carries a connector (if pin connectors are used) or that fitswithin the connector 13 on the riser board (if a card edge connector isused), and has a distal end 14 b at the opposite end of its generallyrectangular shape. It will be appreciated that as a result of thisgeometry, the prior art mounting has the effect of placing the end 14 bof one card 14 at an extreme distance from the distal end 14 b of theother card. Specifically, if information or data must be transferredfrom a chip or device at one end of the expansion board, it must travelalong vias for the full length of the expansion board, down the riserboard to the motherboard 20, and along similar vias or paths on themotherboard for twice the full length of the expansion board, and up theother riser board to the distal end of the second expansion board,resulting in a lengthy PCI bus length. Moreover, the geometryillustrated in FIG. 1 results in rather bulky projections, namely onemotherboard connector 10 and one riser board connector 13, projectingover the mother board 20 for each expansion board 14 mounted in thechassis.

FIG. 2 illustrates a riser card 30 for a PCI expansion board inaccordance with the present invention. As shown, the riser card 30include a circuit card 32, and first and second board connectors 36 a,36 b mounted on opposite sides of the card 32. Each of the connectors 36a, 36 b may be identical to the connectors 13 described above for theprior art. That is, these may be card edge connectors, male multipinconnectors or female multipin socket connectors. The connector 36 billustrated in FIG. 2 is a socket connector having a plurality of pinreceiving sockets 38 adapted to receive pins of a corresponding pinconnector (not shown) mounted on an expansion card. As illustrated inFIG. 2, the connector 36 a is a conventional connector having aplurality of conductive mounting leads or pins 37 of which several areillustrated projecting through the riser card 32, arranged in regularranks and soldered to the vias 35 that run in parallel along the length(vertically as shown) of the riser card 32.

Connector 36 b similarly connects to the same vias, or to similar viasidentically located on the opposite side of the board, or such vias orlands connected by through-connects to the same vias. Persons familiarwith board and connector fabrication will realize that the vias or lands35 provided on opposite sides of the riser card 32 need not be directlyinterconnected, but many connect only through common contacts in themotherboard socket, or through circuits or conductors on the motherboarditself.

In one preferred embodiment for use in a web server application, theriser card 30 is intended to mount two expansion boards of essentiallyidentical type so that pins number 1, 2, 3. . . n of connector 36 a arepositioned directly opposite to the identically numbered pins 1, 2, 3. .. n of connector 36 b. FIG. 2 further illustrates the riser card 32connected to a connector 34. As discussed for the other illustratedconnectors, connector 34 may be a card edge connector that has its pinssoldered to the mother board 20 and simply receives the card 32 directlyin a slot extending along its length to establish electrical connectionsbetween lands on the card 32 and vias on the board 20. In this case, thecard itself has no connector, and the connector 34 is part of themotherboard. Alternatively, connector 34 may be a plug or socket typeconnector that is affixed to the card 32 and removably attaches to amating socket or plug-type connector mounted on the motherboard 20. Forclarity of illustration, only a single connector 34 is shown, ratherthan a pair of mating elements.

FIG. 3 illustrates a riser card 30 of the present invention mounted on amotherboard 20 and carrying two PCI expansion boards 40. In theillustrated embodiment, the motherboard 20 is mounted on a slide-in orother rack mounted chassis 50 such as a 1U rack mount chassis. Further,the connector 34 is soldered to the motherboard 20 and the riser board30 is simply a card with vias extending to lands at its lower edge thatslide into a slot in the connector 34. Card 30 carries two similar boardedge connectors 36 each of which is provided with a slot for receivingan expansion board 40 directly therein. As shown for the embodiment ofFIG. 2, the pin numbers run from 1 to n on both cards in thefront-to-back direction. That is, pin 1 of one connector is directlyopposite to pin 1 of the other connector.

As a result, when identical expansion boards are attached via the riser30, one board, illustratively on the left in FIG. 3, has its componentside facing down, while the other board, illustratively on the right, isoriented right side up, i.e., with its components mounted on theupwardly-facing side of the board. Advantageously, the two connectors 36are spaced at different heights, and the one located at highest abovethe motherboard and nearest to the top of the chassis has its componentsfacing downwardly. Conversely, the one illustratively on the right thatis located furthest below the top of the chassis has its componentsextending upwardly. When the chassis has relatively little height,and/or is a covered chassis, this opposed connector arrangement allowsthe riser card and boards to occupy no greater height than occupied bythe more space-consuming conventional riser card arrangement shown inFIG. 1. Moreover, even if the height and space are not an issue in agiven chassis 50, it will be seen that the riser card 30 arranges thetwo expansion boards 40 such that no two components on the expansionboards 40 are spaced more than two card widths plus the riser lengthsapart from each other, or apart from any component on the motherboard.

Thus, the PCI bus interconnecting the various devices is substantiallyshorter between any two components, and for components located onopposite boards is approximately half as long as in the conventionalconfiguration. It will be appreciated that although FIG. 3 illustratescircuit elements on only one side of the expansion board, similarconsiderations apply when the expansion boards 40 contain variouscircuit elements on both sides of the board. However, typically allcomponents will be arranged on one side of an expansion board 40.

The configuration shown in FIG. 3 also has the expansion boards mountedon a riser located at the center line of the motherboard 20 rather thanon riser cards located at both edges of the motherboard 20. This ispartly responsible for the reduced PCI bus lengths mentioned above.Advantageously, the riser card 30 also permits the arrangement ofexpansion boards 40 such that unobstructed air flow channels may beprovided down both the left and the right side (as viewed in thefront-to-back direction of FIG. 3) of the chassis 50. Thus, for example,in a configuration for a web server, ventilation fans may be provided atthe front and/or back of chassis 50 to maintain a more direct air overall the boards within the chassis due to the increased open space andwell define flow channels. For example, by positioning one or more fanson the front panel of the chassis 50 on each of the left and rightsides, separate uninterrupted air flows may be maintained down the leftand the right sides toward the rear of the chassis. This provides highlychanneled but unobstructed flows for effective heat dissipation orcooling.

Various commonly-owned inventive methods and apparatus have beendeveloped to enhance heat dissipation or cooling mechanisms in denselyarrayed web server equipment, and these provide a range of architecturesand constructions to which the the present invention is advantageouslyapplied. For example, co-pending, commonly assigned, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 60/216,055 filed Jul. 5, 2000, entitled “LowProfile Equipment Housing with Angular Fan” provides an angled fandisposed within a chassis for integrating the region around a componentinto the airflow pattern. Other apparatus and methods include aventilated slide rail which facilitates the flow of air throughout thechassis which (see co-pending, commonly assigned, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 60/215,997, filed Jul. 5, 2000, and Ser. No.60/244,354, filed Oct. 30, 2000, both entitled “Ventilating Slide RailMount.”). A third commonly owned invention is a high density storagearray having a plurality of digital data storage devices and supportingelements for supporting the storage devices and for providing additionalairflow space (see commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 60/215,975 filed Jul. 5, 2000, and Ser. No. 60/244,361, filedOct. 30, 2000, both entitled “Low Profile, High Density Storage Array”).Another is an equipment housing offering improved physical layout andcircuit connections (see commonly assigned, co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 60/215,996 filed Jul. 5, 2000, entitled “PowerSupply for Low Profile Equipment Housing”). Another commonly owned U.S.patent application, Ser. No. 60/215,952, filed Jul. 5,2000, entitled“Server Architecture and Methods for Digital Data Processing,” describesa unique architecture for server systems and the monitoring of physicalor utilization status. Each of the foregoing constructions isadvantageously employed in a system of the present invention and theinvention described in greater detail herein further provides additionalcooling benefits in the chassis, allowing for the cooling of suchdensely packed, and more compact systems, and is compatible with, orextends each of the above inventions, the patent applications of whichare all hereby incorporated by reference.

It will further be appreciated that by arranging the two expansion boardconnectors 36 to have corresponding pins positioned directly oppositeeach other on the card 30, the bus path length from one expansion cardto the other is no greater than the distance between the two connectors36 so that data may be transferred between the two boards directlywithout depending on the motherboard PCI bus when the expansion boardI/O circuitry permits such communications.

Thus it will be seen that the riser card of the present inventionprovides great efficiencies both in space utilization, layout forventilation and design, and bus communications between components. Itthus diminishes several critical limitations affecting the processor ordata transfer speeds, and directly addresses the circuit density andspace requirements of digital processing devices such as web server andnetwork devices. The invention being thus disclosed, one skilled in theart will appreciate further features and advantages of the inventionbased on the above-described embodiments. Accordingly, the invention isnot to be limited by what has been particularly shown and described,except as indicated by the appended claims. All publications andreferences cited herein are expressly incorporated herein by referencein their entirety.

What is claimed is:
 1. A riser card comprising: a substantially rigidcard matable at an edge thereof with a connector on a board so as toconnect normal to the board, the rigid card having a first via carryingfirst signal source and a last via carrying the last signal source; afirst connector and a second connector, the first and second connectorsbeing of a substantially same form factor and being matable with firstand second further cards, respectively; the first and second connectorsdisposed on opposing faces of the rigid card, the second connector beinginverted with respect to the first connector; the first connector havinga first pin coupled to the first signal source, and a last pin coupledto the last signal source; the second connector having a first pincoupled to the first signal source, and a last pin coupled to the lastsignal source.
 2. The riser card of claim 1, wherein the first and thesecond connectors are of a Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) formfactor.
 3. The riser card of claim 2, wherein the first and secondconnectors are female PCI connectors.
 4. The riser card of claim 2,wherein the first and second connectors are male PCI connectors.
 5. Theriser card of claim 2, wherein the first connector is a female PCIconnector and the second connectors is a male PCI connector.
 6. Adigital data processing system, comprising: a circuit board disposed ina chassis; an edge card connector on disposed on the circuit board anddisposed in a central portion of the chassis; a substantially rigidstructure matable with the edge card connector so as to connect normalto the circuit board, the rigid s structure defining cooling air flowchannels within the chassis and on opposing sides of the rigidstructure, the rigid structure having a first via carrying a firstsignal source and a last via carrying the last signal source; and afirst and second connector matable with a first and second further card,respectively, the first and second connectors being disposed on opposingfaces of the rigid structure and being of substantially the same formfactor, the second connector being inverted with respect to the firstconnector; the first connector having a first pin coupled to the firstsignal source, and a last pin coupled to the last signal source; thesecond connector having a first pin coupled to the first signal source,and a last pin coupled to the last signal source.
 7. The digital dataprocessing system of claim 6, wherein the first pin of the firstconnector being aligned with and on the direct opposite face of the cardfrom the first pin of the second connector, and the last pin of thefirst connector being aligned with and on the direct opposite face ofthe card from the last pin of the second connector.
 8. The digital dataprocessing system of claim 6, wherein the first and second connectorsare of a Peripheral Component Interface (PCI) form factor.
 9. Thedigital data processing system of claim 8, wherein the first and secondconnectors are female PCI connectors.
 10. The digital data processingsystem of claim 8, wherein the first and second connectors are male PCIconnectors.
 11. The digital data processing system of claim 8, whereinthe first connector is a female PCI connector and the second connectoris a male PCI connector.
 12. A digital data processing apparatuscomprising a 1U chassis, a module disposed within a central portion thechassis, an expansion slot attached to the module, a riser card attachedto the expansion slot, the riser card having a first via carrying afirst signal source and a last via carrying the last signal source, theriser card having a first and second connector attached to opposingfaces of the card, the first and second connectors being ofsubstantially a same form factor, the second connector having a firstpin coupled to the first signal source, and a last pin coupled to thelast signal source; the second connector having a first pin coupled tothe first signal source, and a last pin coupled to the last signalsource.
 13. The digital data processing apparatus of claim 12, whereinthe first pin of the first connector being aligned with and on thedirect opposite face of the card from the first pin of the secondconnector.
 14. The digital data processing apparatus of claim 12,wherein the first and second connectors are female connectors.
 15. Thedigital data processing apparatus of claim 12, wherein the secondconnector is inverted with respect to the first connector and the risercard defines an axis normal to the module, the first connector beingoffset from the second connector along the axis.
 16. The digital dataprocessing system of claim 15, wherein the second connector is rotatedabout the axis.
 17. The digital data processing apparatus of claim 12,wherein the first and second connectors are matable with a first andsecond expansion board.
 18. The digital data processing apparatus ofclaim 17, wherein the first and second expansion boards aresubstantially parallel to the module.